{
  "abstract": "Introduction People in prison experience disproportionate health burdens compared with community-based populations, including elevated rates of infectious and non-communicable diseases, mental illness and substance use disorders. Previous studies have consistently shown increased rates of mortality following release from incarceration, particularly from external (unnatural) causes such as suicide and violence. However, evidence on mortality incidence during imprisonment is scarce, and many deaths may be preventable through targeted health and prevention interventions. This study aims to synthesise worldwide evidence on all-cause mortality incidence in prisons.Methods and analysis We will conduct a worldwide registry study combined with a systematic literature review and meta-regression analysis. Eligible sources will report deaths among incarcerated people between 2005 and 2025 at the national or, where more appropriate, the subnational jurisdictional level. Mortality data will be retrieved from official reports of prison administrations and direct contact with prison authorities. Also, data from international databases and the scientific literature will be reviewed. Incidence rates of all-cause mortality per 100 000 person-years will be calculated and reported for each jurisdiction, alongside standardised mortality ratios comparing imprisoned populations with general population estimates.Ethics and dissemination Since the study relies on anonymised routine data registries available from different sources, an exemption certificate was granted by the Ethics Committee of Diego Portales University (UDP) in Santiago, Chile. Findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal.Trial registration number https://osf.io/vkzae.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile",
        "Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Adrian P Mundt"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile",
        "Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría,Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Clínica Alemana de Santiago SA, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Enzo Rozas-Serri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile School of Public Health, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Benjamín Ignacio Asencio Rojas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Morales-Rojas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Doctorado en Psicoterapia, Medical Faculties and Faculties of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile",
        "Dirección General del Sistema de Investigación, Centro Universitario de Occidente, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala"
      ],
      "name": "Pablo A Cifuentes-Gramajo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Sofia Alvarado"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Gergő Baranyi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxfordshire, UK",
        "Justice Health Group, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rohan Borschmann"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxfordshire, UK",
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Seena Fazel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Stuart A Kinner"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incidence of all-cause mortality in prisons: research protocol for a global registry study and systematic literature review with meta-regression analyses",
  "uid": "55f0f0ac-d96f-5a22-9e0b-8dbec5668d60"
}