{
  "abstract": "Objectives To characterise patient and medication-related patterns observed in drug-related pressure ulcers (DRPUs) and provide descriptive findings that may support future consensus-building.Design Multicentre retrospective observational study.Setting 20 hospitals across Japan participated in the study with hospital pharmacists specialised in PU care.Participants A total of 1113 hospitalised patients with existing PUs were included and classified into three groups (definite, probable and no-possibility of DRPUs) based on predefined criteria.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was the description of medication-related characteristics observed in each DRPU classification group, including polypharmacy, initiation of new medications and dose adjustments. Secondary outcomes included differences in ulcer characteristics and functional status across DRPU categories.Results The definite group (n=128, 11.5%) showed a significantly higher prevalence of polypharmacy (83.6% vs 71.1% in the no-possibility group, p<0.01), frequent medication adjustments (76% vs 46%, p<0.01), use of antipsychotic medications (34% vs 10%, p<0.01) and missed doses of anti-Parkinson’s drugs (8% vs 3%, p<0.01). These patients were less frequently bedridden despite having PUs.Conclusions Medication-related characteristics such as polypharmacy, initiation of new medications, dose modifications and use of antipsychotics were more frequently observed in the definite DRPU group. These descriptive findings may help characterise the clinical patterns of DRPUs and may inform future hypothesis generation.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan",
        "Department of Education and Innovation Training for Pharmacy, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Fumihiro Mizokami"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Innovation Center for Translational Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Tomoyasu Kinoshita"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yusuke Sekine"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Joetsu Regional Medical Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Tetsuya Miyagawa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Mina Toriumi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, JCHO Kumamoto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Kentaro Ooka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Akio Nakashima"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Kushiro Central Hospital, Kushiro, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Kengo Fukuda"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Seijinkai Medical Corporation, Gifu, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Mari Sadaoka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Iwamuro Rehabilitation Hospital, Niigata, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Hiromi Ishii"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Nishiagatsuma Welfare Hospital, Gunma, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Hiroatsu Kadowaki"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Saiseikai Ibaraki Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Kanako Iikura"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Senri Central Hospital, Osaka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Shinako Fujimoto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takako Yamanouchi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Loyal Kokoro-no-Sato Hospital, Saitama, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yoshiko Shiraishi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Toshiyuki Ozaki"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Seirei Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Hiroko Tatebe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmaceutical Information, Fukaya Red Cross Hospital, Fukaya, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Tetsuya Fuse"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Nara Prefectural General Medical Center, Nara, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Shigeki Ikushima"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Hojinkai Medical Corporation, Hokkaido, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Soichiro Higashitsuji"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Kazumi Kurachi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Dermatology and Advanced Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Zenzo Isogai"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Drug-related pressure ulcers in hospitalised patients: a multicentre retrospective study in Japan identifying high-risk medications and patient characteristics",
  "uid": "44a0319f-0419-5d6e-aac6-cbb1807d32a1"
}