{
  "abstract": "Objectives There are little available data on the prevalence, economic and quality of life impacts of musculoskeletal disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. This lack of evidence is wholly disproportionate to the significant disability burden of musculoskeletal disorders as reported in high-income countries. Our research aimed to undertake an adequately powered study to identify, measure and value the health impact of musculoskeletal conditions in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.Design A community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken between January 2021 and September 2021. A two-stage cluster sampling with replacement and probability proportional to size was used to select a representative sample of the population.Setting The survey was conducted in 15 villages in the Hai District, Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.Participants Economic and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires were administered to a sample of residents (aged over 5 years old) in selected households (N=1050). There were a total of 594 respondents, of whom 153 had a confirmed musculoskeletal disorder and 441 matched controls. Almost three-quarters of those identified as having a musculoskeletal disorder were female and had an average age of 66 years.Primary and secondary outcome measures Questions on healthcare resource use, expenditure and quality of life were administered to all participants, with additional more detailed economic and quality of life questions administered to those who screened positive, indicating probable arthritis.Results There is a statistically significant reduction in HRQOL, on average 25% from a utility score of 0.862 (0.837, 0.886) to 0.636 (0.580, 0.692) for those identified as having a musculoskeletal disorder compared with those without. The attributes ‘pain’ and ‘discomfort’ were the major contributors to this reduction in HRQOL.Conclusions This research has revealed a significant impact of musculoskeletal conditions on HRQOL in the Hai district in Tanzania. The evidence will be used to guide clinical health practices, interventions design, service provisions and health promotion and awareness activities at institutional, regional and national levels.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health and Wellbeing, Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Eleanor Grieve"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health and Wellbeing, Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Manuela Deidda"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK",
        "School of Nursing, Midwifery, Allied and Public Health, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Stefanie J Krauth"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Sanjura Mandela Biswaro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jo E B Halliday"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Defense Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan"
      ],
      "name": "Ping-Hsuan Hsieh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK",
        "Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Clive Kelly"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "KCMC University, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Kajiru Kilonzo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "Rural Development and Regional Planning, Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Kiula P Kiula"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Rose Kolimba"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "KCMC University, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth F Msoka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Siebert"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Richard Walker"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "KCMC University, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Nateiya Mmeta Yongolo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of",
        "KCMC University, Moshi Urban, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Blandina Mmbaga"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health and Wellbeing, Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Emma McIntosh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [],
      "name": "NIHR Global Health Group"
    }
  ],
  "title": "How do musculoskeletal disorders impact on quality of life in Tanzania? Results from a community-based survey",
  "uid": "4c2305c9-e542-5ce3-8349-50c06e36c865"
}