{
  "abstract": "Introduction Growing evidence points towards the integral role of both central and peripheral inflammation across all neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The immune alterations observed in these diseases may occur long before the onset of clinical and cognitive symptoms; however, the exact timing and role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. Findings to date are conflicting, with most work focused on AD rather than other dementias and most studies from single sites and cross-sectional. Through longitudinally examining detailed phenotypes of the peripheral immune system using mass cytometry, the Immune Profiling in Early Cognitive Disorders study aims to uncover specific immune signatures in early AD and DLB, how these signatures change over time and how they relate to disease progression and cognitive changes.Methods and analysis Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and urine samples will be collected from a cohort of participants with either prodromal (mild cognitive impairment) or early dementia due to Lewy bodies or AD (MCI-LB and DLB; and MCI-AD and AD), alongside healthy controls. Through immunophenotyping with mass cytometry, detailed immune fingerprints will be identified for these groups. We will assess which key combinations of immune cell clusters are predictive of disease phenotype, cognitive decline and progression to dementia. Samples will also be evaluated with novel techniques to measure markers of degenerative pathology and inflammation.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Preston North West Research Ethics committee (21/NW/0314) and is registered with the ISRCTN registry ( ISRCTN62392656). The study is ongoing (since June 2022). Baseline visits are being undertaken, and follow-up visits have started for some participants. Full data analyses will be completed and submitted for publication upon conclusion of the study.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "UK Dementia Research Institute at Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Harry Crook"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Peter Swann"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Haddy Fye"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK",
        "Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Stacey Kigar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "George Savulich"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Anna Mckeever"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Elena Herrero"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Lordina Turner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Lina Aimola"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Gabrielle D Grey"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Dan Blackburn"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK",
        "UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK",
        "Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Paul M Matthews"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK",
        "Division of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Li Su"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Leonidas Chouliaras"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "James B Rowe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Paresh Malhotra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "John T O’Brien"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immune Profiling in Early Cognitive Disorders (IMPRINT) study protocol: a longitudinal cohort study exploring biomarkers of inflammation in early dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease, as part of the Dementias Platform UK",
  "uid": "7f2b0c06-d53c-52fa-a4bc-01df2b1f2fe3"
}