{
  "abstract": "Introduction Improving outcomes from sepsis in children is a WHO Global Health Priority, yet mortality from sepsis remains high, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This database from children with community-acquired childhood sepsis in LMICs and some high-income countries will allow analysis of the burden of disease, including incidence, severity and outcomes. Understanding these aspects of sepsis care is fundamental for the design and conduct of future international interventional trials to improve childhood sepsis outcomes.Methods and analysis This multicountry retrospective observational study will include children up to 18 years of age presenting to emergency departments with suspected sepsis, defined as admission to hospital for treatment with intravenous antibiotics plus (1) a provisional diagnosis of sepsis and/or (2) treatment for suspected sepsis (operationalised as the administration of one or more fluid bolus to treat impaired perfusion or vasoactive infusion). Presenting characteristics, management and outcomes will be collected. These will include vital signs, serum biomarkers, intravenous fluid administration for the first 24 hours of hospitalisation, organ support therapies delivered, antimicrobial use, microbiological diagnoses, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and mortality censored at hospital discharge or 30 days from enrolment (whichever occurs first).Ethics and dissemination Central ethics approval was received from the Royal Children’s Hospital of Melbourne, Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/100648/RCHM-2023). Each international site will be required to obtain local Institutional Research Ethics Board approval. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, at academic conferences and through lay media. A cleaned study database and individual site-level data will be made available to site investigators upon completion of the study.Trial registration number This study was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 23 January 2024 prior to commencement of recruitment (ACTRN12624000052538).",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Elliot Long"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Amanda Williams"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GCUH, Southport, Queensland, Australia",
        "Griffith University Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia",
        "Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Shane George"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Stephen Hearps"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica"
      ],
      "name": "Adriana Yock-Corrales"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency Department, Universidad del Pacífico, Asunción, Paraguay"
      ],
      "name": "Viviana Pavlicich"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "PICU, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, St michael, Barbados"
      ],
      "name": "Kandamaran Krishnamurthy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Princess Margaret Hospital, St Michael, Bahamas"
      ],
      "name": "Yashica Seymour-Hanna"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Radhika Raman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, RJ, India"
      ],
      "name": "Bharat Choudhary"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Mata RSUP DR Sardjito, Yogyakarta, Jogja, Indonesia"
      ],
      "name": "Weda Kusuma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines"
      ],
      "name": "Victoria Ribaya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, WP, Sri Lanka"
      ],
      "name": "Nilanka Mudithakumara"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol Universitycity, Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand"
      ],
      "name": "Nichkamol Lertamornkitti"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, Central Division, Fiji"
      ],
      "name": "Antionette David"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of"
      ],
      "name": "Suleiman Mohamed"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatrics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Tigist Bacha Heye"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi"
      ],
      "name": "Jenala Njirammadzi-Maleta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "John Adabie Appiah"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, CHUK, Kigali, Kigali City, Rwanda"
      ],
      "name": "Janvier Hitayezu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Critical Care & Emergency Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Mukami Kunga"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Emergency, Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"
      ],
      "name": "Genevieve Fung"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar Seremban, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"
      ],
      "name": "Rahimi Abdrazak"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Emergency Medicine, KK Women's and Children’s Hospital, Singapore"
      ],
      "name": "Shu-Ling Chong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taipei City, Taiwan"
      ],
      "name": "Jhong-Lin Wu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"
      ],
      "name": "Jeong-Yong Lee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency Department, Paediatric Emergency Medicine Leicester Academic (PEMLA) Group, Leicester, UK",
        "SAPPHIRE group, University of Leicester Department of Health Sciences, Leicester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Damian Roland"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy",
        "Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Padova, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Bressan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden",
        "Department of Women’s and Children’s health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden"
      ],
      "name": "Ruth Loellgen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatric Emergency Department, Cruces University Hospital Paediatric Emergencies, Barakaldo, PV, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Yolanda Ballestero"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, Hacettepe İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"
      ],
      "name": "Ozlem Teksam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno klinikos, Kaunas, Kaunas County, Lithuania"
      ],
      "name": "Lina Jankauskaite"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Graham Thompson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Vikram Sabhaney"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Yasaman Shayan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Elysha Pifko"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Julia Lloyd"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar"
      ],
      "name": "Khalid Al Ansari"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Emergency, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia",
        "Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Franz E Babl"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Protocol for a multi-country retrospective observational paediatric sepsis epidemiological study (SENTINEL International)",
  "uid": "c203d9e6-0a88-5cfe-84ea-5612dcb365c6"
}