{
  "abstract": "Objectives Leishmaniasis poses a significant public health problem in Kenya, where effective case management and treatment rely on accurate diagnosis. This review aims to summarise the research landscape on leishmaniasis diagnostics in Kenya and identify gaps.Design This scoping review expands a previously published scoping review on leishmaniasis in Kenya to further analyse studies focusing on diagnostics. The field of diagnostics was chosen because of recent pushes for novel tools and because of the role timely diagnosis plays in disease elimination. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase via Embase.com, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP and the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry was conducted, covering studies up to 5 January 2024.Results After dual, blind screening with conflict resolution by a third reviewer, 41 studies were included in the review. These studies examined a range of diagnostic tools; however most were assessed in one or few studies, and none evaluated real-time PCR. Additional gaps in the research landscape include a lack of diagnostics for cutaneous leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Kenya, outdated literature surrounding the Direct Agglutination Test and randomised trials for any diagnostic tool.Conclusions Future research should focus on solidifying the validity and reliability of diagnostic tools in the Kenyan context and updating previous work.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "African Centre for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Katherine O’Brien"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "African Centre for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Kenya",
        "Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Grace Grifferty"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "African Centre for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Kenya",
        "Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Hugh Shirley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kephera Diagnostics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Santosh George"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "African Centre for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Kenya",
        "Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Abigail Binkley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "African Centre for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Kenya",
        "University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Adrienne M Orriols"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "Northeastern University Library, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Philip Espinola Coombs"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "African Centre for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Kenya",
        "Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Abigail L Williams"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Morgan G Wong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sophia Roe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Fiona Wallace"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kathleen Tschoepe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jason L Hirsch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "African Centre for Community Investment in Health, Nginyang, Kenya",
        "Department of Cultures, Societies, and Global Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "Department of Global and Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Richard Wamai"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The leishmaniases in Kenya: a scoping review sub-analysis of diagnostics",
  "uid": "cbb98c86-d182-5eaa-89cd-57a084430f94"
}