{
  "abstract": "Objectives To estimate the healthcare costs associated with post-stroke dysphagia during acute hospitalisation and to identify factors influencing these costs in a tertiary hospital setting in Vietnam.Design A cross-sectional study using clinical and billing data from hospital records.Setting The study was conducted at the Neurology Center of Bach Mai Hospital, a tertiary care facility in Hanoi, Vietnam, between June 2020 and January 2022.Participants A total of 951 patients aged ≥18 years with acute ischaemic stroke confirmed by CT or MRI were included. Dysphagia was assessed using the Gugging Swallowing Screen.Outcome measures Direct healthcare costs during hospitalisation were collected from the hospital billing system and categorised as medications, diagnostic imaging, medical supplies, accommodation, food, procedures and laboratory tests. All costs were converted to USD. Associations between patient characteristics and total healthcare costs were analysed using generalised linear models (Gamma distribution with log link), applying robust standard errors.Results The median treatment cost was 10.08 million VND (436.24 USD) in the dysphagia group vs 6.37 million VND (275.78 USD) in the non-dysphagia group. Costs increased with dysphagia severity, reaching 22.64 million VND (979.49 USD) among patients with severe dysphagia. In multivariate analysis, dysphagia was associated with a 21% increase in costs (exp(β) = 1.21; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.33; p<0.01). Other significant cost drivers included combined stroke lesions, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score >14, pneumonia, prolonged hospitalisation and higher educational level.Conclusions Post-stroke dysphagia substantially increases acute hospitalisation costs in Vietnam. Early screening, standardised management and preventive care for complications may improve outcomes and reduce costs.Trial registration number The study was registered on the Research Registry website ( https://www.researchregistry.com/) under the unique identification number: researchregistry8203.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Emergency Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam",
        "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam",
        "Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Tran Huu Thong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Dermatology and Burn Department, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam",
        "Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam",
        "Nam Dinh University of Nursing, Ninh Binh, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Nguyen Thi Thu Hien"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nam Dinh University of Nursing, Ninh Binh, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Le Thanh Tung"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Phan Thang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Tran Huu Trung"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Nursing, Bach Mai Medical College, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Vu Dinh Tien"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam",
        "Intensive Care Unit, Hue Central General Hospital, Hue, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Hoang Trong Hanh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam"
      ],
      "name": "Tran Huu Lam"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cost analysis of post-stroke dysphagia during acute hospitalisation: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam",
  "uid": "17e117a2-1baf-5f81-b9ad-501b31122e82"
}