{
  "abstract": "Objective To investigate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm infants (VPIs).Design Retrospective multicentre cohort study.Setting A total of 79 neonatal intensive care units across China, January 2019 to December 2021.Participants A total of 23 752 VPIs (<32 weeks’ gestation) or very low birth weight infants (<1500 g), comprising 4452 GDM-exposed and 19 300 unexposed infants.Main outcome measures The primary outcomes are survival without BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) and its components.Results Infants exposed to GDM were associated with a higher rate of survival without BPD (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21) at 36 weeks PMA and lower mortality (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.84) before 36 weeks PMA than unexposed infants. However, no significant association was observed between GDM and BPD at 36 weeks PMA (aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.02), respiratory distress syndrome, need for advanced resuscitation or mechanical ventilation. After propensity score matching, GDM-exposed VPIs maintained higher survival without BPD (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.26) and lower mortality (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97). These associations were strongest in infants born before 28 weeks (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.57) and those small for gestational age (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.80).Conclusions GDM was not associated with worsened BPD in VPIs. The positive association with survival and survival without BPD warrants could reflect a selection bias.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China",
        "Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoping Lei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neonatal Centre, National Centre for Children’s Health, Beijing Children’s Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Juan Du"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Siyuan Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jianguo Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liyuan Hu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Tiantian Xiao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yanping Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Wei Shi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Nanjing Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Aimin Qian"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Northwest Women's Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ruimiao Bai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Neonatology, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"
      ],
      "name": "Dan Dang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Neonatology, Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yujie Han"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Shujuan Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xinyue Gu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Li-Zhong Du"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neonatal Centre, National Centre for Children’s Health, Beijing Children’s Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mingyan Hei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Shoo K Lee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Wenhao Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China",
        "Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Wenbin Dong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [],
      "name": "Chinese Neonatal Network"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Associations between gestational diabetes mellitus and survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a multicentre cohort study",
  "uid": "a105ec05-cec5-58f1-b920-b5201b8025e5"
}