{
  "abstract": "Objectives This systematic review aims to: (1) evaluate how behavioural and psychological factors have been incorporated into cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models; (2) assess their impact on model performance metrics such as area under the curve (AUC) and net reclassification index (NRI); and (3) identify which specific variables are most consistently associated with predictive improvements. This protocol is reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015, and the systematic review will follow the Cochrane Handbook and report findings based on PRISMA 2020.Design A systematic review protocol developed in accordance with the (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines.Data sources Systematic searches will be carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, limited to studies published from 2019 to 2024.Eligibility criteria Peer-reviewed original studies involving adult populations (≥18 years) at risk of CVD, incorporating at least one behavioural or psychological variable into a CVD risk prediction model. Studies must report model performance metrics such as AUC or NRI. Studies focusing solely on biochemical or demographic factors, paediatric populations, or non-CVD outcomes will be excluded.Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers will screen eligible studies, extract data and assess study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. A narrative synthesis will be performed, with meta-analysis conducted if feasible.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration number CRD420251014218.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia"
      ],
      "name": "Chenchen Tang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia"
      ],
      "name": "Nancy Choon-Si Ng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia",
        "Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India"
      ],
      "name": "Long Chiau Ming"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia"
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca Shin-Yee Wong"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incorporating behavioural and psychological factors into cardiovascular disease risk prediction models: protocol for a systematic review",
  "uid": "1353ad18-8ac1-5d09-ad2b-a8b635e09469"
}