{
  "abstract": "Introduction In Africa, 75% of households are exposed to household air pollution (HAP), a key contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Nigeria, 90 million households rely on solid fuels for cooking, and 40% of adults have hypertension. Though clean fuel and clean stove (CF-CS) technologies can reduce HAP and CVD risk, their adoption in Africa remains limited.Methods and analysis Using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment framework, this cluster-randomised controlled trial evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of a community mobilisation (CM) strategy versus a self-directed condition (i.e., receipt of information on CF-CS use without CM) on adoption of CF-CS technologies and systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction among 1248 adults from 624 households across 32 peri-urban communities in Lagos, Nigeria. The primary outcome is CF-CS adoption at 12 months; secondary outcomes are SBP reduction at 12 months and sustainability of CF-CS use at 24 months. Adoption is assessed via objective monitoring of stove usage with temperature-triggered iButton sensors. SBP is assessed in 2 adults per household using validated automated blood pressure monitor. Generalised linear mixed-effects regression models will be used to assess study outcomes, accounting for clustering at the level of the peri-urban communities (unit of randomisation) and households. To date, randomisation is completed, and a total of 1248 households have enrolled in the study. The final completion of the study is expected in June 2026.Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) of NYU Grossman School of Medicine (primary IRB of record; protocol ID: i21-00586; Version 6.0 approved on 4 June 2024), and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (protocol ID: LREC 06/10/1621). Written consent was obtained from all participants. Findings will inform scalable and culturally appropriate strategies for reducing HAP and CVD risk in low-resource settings. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and stakeholder engagements.Trial registration number NCT05048147",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria",
        "Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria"
      ],
      "name": "Ololade Wright"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Christopher O Olopade"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Angela A Aifah"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria",
        "Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria"
      ],
      "name": "Temiloluwa Fagbemi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Erinn M Hade"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Shivani Mishra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Deborah O Onakomaiya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nafesa Kanneh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Weixi Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Calvin L Colvin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria",
        "Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria"
      ],
      "name": "Riyike Ogunyemi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Emeryc Sogbossi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ministry of Health, Lagos State Government, Lagos, Nigeria"
      ],
      "name": "Eniola Erinosho"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"
      ],
      "name": "Oladosu Ojengbede"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"
      ],
      "name": "Olalekan Taiwo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Berkeley Air Monitoring Group Inc, Berkeley, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Michael A Johnson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Rajesh Vedanthan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Stephen Wall"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Juliet lwelunmor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ministry of Health, Lagos State Government, Lagos, Nigeria"
      ],
      "name": "Olajide Idris"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA",
        "Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Gbenga Ogedegbe"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Community mobilisation for adoption of clean cookstoves and clean fuel to reduce household air pollution and blood pressure in Lagos, Nigeria: protocol for a cluster-randomised trial",
  "uid": "5a05f08b-c0ad-5bb2-9c2a-f084fa65acb0"
}