{
  "abstract": "Objectives Chronic tic disorders (CTDs)—such as Tourette Syndrome (TS)—are neurodevelopmental disorders affecting at least 1% of the population, causing repetitive involuntary movements and vocalisations known as tics. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of accessing healthcare for people with CTD or TS and their families in the United Kingdom (UK), as part of a larger programme of work to inform change to healthcare services for this population.Design Informed and designed with extensive patient and public involvement, the design utilised qualitative research using focus groups. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Setting Participants were recruited via online support groups, social media and research registers.Participants Seven focus groups were held separately with young people with tics (n=2), adults with tics (n=10) and parents/guardians of children with tics (n=11), led by a lived experience expert (coauthor PS) and facilitated by researchers. Discussion focused on three areas: the impact of living with tics, experience accessing healthcare for tics and management of tics.Results Five themes were developed highlighting challenges across the healthcare pathway, including gaining a diagnosis, and receiving treatment, resulting in the use of self-support methods to reduce tic expression or the impact of tics. Themes also illustrated perceptions that healthcare provider's knowledge impacted initial interactions with the healthcare system, and how healthcare systems were not felt to be prioritising CTDs.Conclusions The findings highlight a lack of prioritisation for tic disorders compounded by a healthcare structure which does not support a complex condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach. This research calls for improvements to UK healthcare services for CTD.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR MindTech Medtech Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK",
        "School of Medicine, Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Camilla May Babbage"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR MindTech Medtech Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK",
        "School of Medicine, Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "E Bethan Davies"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tourette Syndrome Inclusion in the Community (TIC), Kingston upon Hull, UK",
        "School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
        "Social Sciences Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel P Jones"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Genius Within CIC, Plumpton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Paul Stevenson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR MindTech Medtech Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer Salvage"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neuro-diverse.org, Brussels, Belgium"
      ],
      "name": "Seonaid Anderson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tourettes Action, Farnborough, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Emma McNally"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR MindTech Medtech Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK",
        "School of Medicine, Academic Unit of Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Madeleine J Groom"
    }
  ],
  "title": "‘For the love of God, just refer me’: a co-produced qualitative study of the experiences of people with Tourette Syndrome and tic disorders accessing healthcare services in the UK",
  "uid": "cd973f14-0653-562b-8224-968ba6e0ef2e"
}