{
  "abstract": "Introduction Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with the greatest burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Haemorrhagic stroke or spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (sICH), including intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), has the highest mortality and morbidity. Local management practices for haemorrhagic stroke vary greatly between geographical regions. The Planetary Outcomes after Intracranial Haemorrhage study aims to provide a global snapshot of the patient characteristics, processes of care and short-term outcomes of patients being treated for sICH across high- and low-income settings. It will also describe variation seen in care processes and available resources and time delays to receiving care. A greater understanding of the current state of sICH care is essential to identify possible interventions and targets for improved standards of care in all settings.Methods and analysis We describe a planned prospective, multicentre, international observational cohort study of patients admitted to hospital for management of sICH. We will include patients of all ages presenting to hospital with imaging evidence of sICH (IPH, intraventricular haemorrhage and/or SAH). The study will collect patient, care process and short-term outcome data, following patients for up to 30 days (or until discharge or death, whichever occurs first). Any centre globally where patients with sICH are admitted and managed can participate, targeting a sample size of 712 patients. The study will recruit centres worldwide through pre-existing research networks and by dissemination through neurosurgical and stroke conferences and courses. Each participating centre will complete a site questionnaire alongside patient data collection.Ethics and dissemination The study has received ethical approval by the University of Cambridge (PRE.2024.070). Participating centres will also confirm that they have undergone all necessary local governance procedures prior to starting local data collection. The findings will be disseminated via open access peer-reviewed journals, relevant conferences and other professional networks and lay channels, including the study website ( https://plotich.org/) and social media channels (@plotichstudy).Trials registration number NCT06731751.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Sara Venturini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "David Clark"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Brandon George Smith"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Laura Hobbs"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Michael F Bath"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Harry Mee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Megan Still"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Saniya Mediratta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt",
        "University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Amin Soliman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Katharina Kohler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "College of Health of Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Charlotte Jane Whiffin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurosurgery Department, University of Zambia University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia"
      ],
      "name": "Elijah Katambo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Tommi K Korhonen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Sami Tetri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France"
      ],
      "name": "Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"
      ],
      "name": "Nicephorus Rutabasibwa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurosurgery Department, University of Zambia University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia"
      ],
      "name": "Arnold Bhebhe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"
      ],
      "name": "Thangaraj Munusamy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Abenezer Tirsit"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kee B Park"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Karol Budohoski"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia"
      ],
      "name": "Petra Wahjoepramono"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Arina Tamborska"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurosurgery Department, University of Zambia University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia"
      ],
      "name": "Deanna Saylor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Tariq Khan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Almas Fasih Khattak"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Anthony Figaji"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Angelos G Kolias"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Tom Bashford"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK",
        "Obex Technologies, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Alexis Joannides"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Obex Technologies, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Michael Martin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rikin A Trivedi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Global Health Research Group on Acquired Brain and Spine Injury, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Peter J Hutchinson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [],
      "name": "on behalf of the PLOT-ICH Collaborative"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Assessing the global variation in patient characteristics, management and short-term outcomes of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage worldwide: a protocol for a global observational prospective multicentre study (the PLOT-ICH study)",
  "uid": "9352a337-afec-573c-b407-37b42479399f"
}