{
  "abstract": "Introduction Hospitalisation is one of the most stressful life events for older adults, particularly for those who are pre-frail or frail. Multi-component community-based interventions have the potential to address the complex needs of older adults post-acute care admission. While some available interventions have been developed with end-user engagement, fully involving older people who are pre-frail or frail in the design of interventions has been less common. Multi-component community-based interventions that address the needs of older adults and their care partners with potential implementation barriers informed by healthcare providers, community partners and health system decision makers are needed. This protocol paper describes the planned process of co-designing for older patients discharged into the community, a Post-Acute Care Intervention for Frailty using Information and Communication technology.Methods and analysis The development of a complex multi-component frailty intervention which meets older people’s needs involves several concurrent tasks and methodologies, each informed by co-design and conducted with consideration to eventual implementation. These tasks include: (1) establishing a Research Advisory Board, (2) assessing the feasibility and validity of using hospital administrative data to identify frail or pre-frail older adults and their needs, (3) conducting a needs assessment of patients returning to the community, (4) mapping community assets to identify existing programmes and services to help tailor the intervention, (5) co-designing a multicomponent frailty intervention, (6) selecting study outcome measures and (7) selecting and tailoring a digital health patient portal to support intervention delivery, data capture and communication.Ethics and dissemination Each task requiring ethics approval will be submitted to the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board at McMaster University. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles, conferences and networks of relevant knowledge users who have the capacity to promote dissemination of the results. A toolkit will be developed to help researchers and healthcare providers replicate the methodology for other populations.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Lauren E Griffith"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Luciana Macedo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Cynthia Lokker"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Gilbrea Centre for Studies in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Anthea Innes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Darryl Leong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Marla Beauchamp"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jackie Bosch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Steven R Bray"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Louise Lafortune"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jinhui Ma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Clinical Epidemiology and Research Centre, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Maura Marcucci"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra Papaioannou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Henry Yu-Hin Siu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Alvarez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Laura N Anderson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Integrated Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Carol Bassim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew P Costa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jacob Crawshaw"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jasdeep Dhillon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Gilbrea Centre for Studies in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Constance Dupuis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Kathryn Fisher"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca Ganann"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Faculty of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Milena Head"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Ayse Kuspinar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Justin Lee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Karen Mosleh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Rachel Roy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jean-Eric Tarride"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
        "McMaster University McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Parminder Raina"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Co-development of a Post-Acute Care Intervention for Frailty using Information and Communication technology (PACIFIC): a development process protocol",
  "uid": "58806fdb-9b47-5809-bd0d-ade6013b4d3f"
}