{
  "abstract": "Background Little is currently known about adolescents’ diet quality and its determinants in New Zealand (NZ).Aims This study described the dietary patterns (DP) of 12-year-olds in the Growing Up in NZ cohort and their associations with sociodemographics and food security.Methods Data from a 59-item food frequency questionnaire were analysed. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify the DPs, based on the scree plot analysis and interpretability of the matrix after varimax rotation. Associations between quartiles of DP scores with food security and sociodemographic characteristics were examined using multivariate multinomial regression models.Results Two DPs were identified, explaining 51.8% of the variance in food intake. DP ‘refined, high in sugar, salt and fat ’ was characterised by high positive loadings in foods and drinks high in sugar, energy drinks, foods high in salt and fat, processed meats, refined breads and cereals, and the protein foods group (lean animal and non-animal protein sources). Adolescents with higher adherence to this DP were more likely to identify as Pacific, Māori or Asian, have mothers with lower levels of formal education, live in food-insecure households and were less likely to live in rural areas. The ‘core food groups’ DP was characterised by high positive loadings in vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products (whole and low-fat), bread and cereals (refined and wholegrain) and protein foods. Those with higher adherence to this DP were more likely to live in rural areas and less likely to have mothers with lower levels of formal education.Conclusion Poorer diet quality was more likely among adolescents in disadvantaged conditions. Findings reinforce the call for government-led mandatory interventions in the NZ food environment to improve young people’s diet quality equitably to set them on trajectories of good health and well-being.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Luciana Tomita"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland - City Campus, Auckland, New Zealand"
      ],
      "name": "Teresa Gontijo de Castro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health and Society, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Juliana Araujo Teixeira"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Social and Community Health, University of Auckland - City Campus, Auckland, New Zealand"
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Gerritsen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Solange Andreoni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland - City Campus, Auckland, New Zealand"
      ],
      "name": "Clare Wall"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Diet quality of 12-year-olds is associated with sociodemographic disparities and food insecurity: Growing Up in New Zealand cohort",
  "uid": "32016828-a5ff-5f5a-9942-5058b4adc341"
}