{
  "abstract": "Purpose Psychosocial factors contributing to the continued failure of adolescents to follow the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020–2025) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the relationships of adolescents’ autonomous motivation, self-efficacy and social support with the healthy eating index (HEI) total (primary outcome), whole fruit, total fruit, vegetable, sodium, added sugar and caloric intake (secondary outcomes).Methods A secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomised controlled trial was conducted. A total of 935 5th–8th graders, aged 10–14 years, were enrolled. Generalised linear models and structural equation models examined relationships of motivation, social support and self-efficacy for healthy eating with healthy eating behaviours.Results In this sample (51% female, mean age=12.08±0.99), 48.24% were black/African American, and 48.2% were overweight/obese. In generalised linear models, family social support was significantly associated with HEI fruit (β=0.16, p=0.02) and higher caloric intake (β=44.09, p=0.03). Additionally, friend social support was significantly associated with HEI sodium (lower sodium intake; β=0.23, p=0.01). Structural equation models showed that through motivation, social support indirectly improved HEI total (β=0.09, p=0.006) and whole fruit intake (β=0.07, p=0.04) and increased HEI added sugar (lower added sugar intake; β=0.07, p=0.04). Through self-efficacy, social support was indirectly associated with lower HEI sodium (higher sodium intake; β=–0.04, p=0.04).Discussion These findings add to the growing body of research on adolescent nutrition by emphasising the complex interplay of psychosocial factors in shaping specific dietary behaviours.Trial registration number NCT04213014.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Natalia Fraczek"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Lorraine B Robbins"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Hesam A Varpaei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kimberly Arcoleo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jiying Ling"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Relationships of motivation, self-efficacy and social support with healthy eating behaviours among adolescents",
  "uid": "5f41d191-80c9-58f0-b384-d90addc54c0c"
}