{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives Case reports are a longstanding cornerstone of medical education and literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI), namely large language models (LLM), to convert published case reports into an interactive format.Method This cross-sectional study utilised a sample of five published case reports with neuroinfectious diagnoses. The cases were converted into a ‘screenplay’ based on an existing template with the selected LLM (OpenAI’s GPT-4o). ‘Screenplays’ were then uploaded to a custom internet interface to enable users to engage with them in a question-and-answer format. Three users interacted with the selected cases through sequential requests for information regarding patient history, examination findings, and diagnostics. All AI question-answer pairs were then reviewed by a neurologist.Results A total of 803 question-answer pairs were generated. 1/803 (0.1%) responses included information not in the original case report (termed ‘hallucinations’). The remaining 802/803 (99.9%) responses were deemed appropriate, including 113/803 (14.1%) responses in which the LLM declined to answer. A ‘declined to answer’ response may occur, for example, following a request for ‘liver function tests’ when none were presented in the case; the response may be ‘These results are not available.’ The single error involved a question regarding the timeline of the illness, the answer to which appeared unclear upon human review of the published case report.Conclusion AI, namely LLM, can effectively convert published case reports into interactive cases, creating a novel and engaging way for readers to explore and learn from medical literature.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Benjamin BC Cook"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Christina CG Gao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Carolyn CQ Qian"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sang-o SP Park"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Haelynn HG Gim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Kelly KH Hou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Jasmin JL Le"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Brandon BS Stretton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "John JM Maddison"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachussetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Liam LM McCoy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Rudy RG Goh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Matthew MA Arnold"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Luke LC Collins"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew AV Vanlint"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA",
        "Department of Neurology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Haatem HR Reda"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia",
        "Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA",
        "Department of Neurology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts, USA",
        "Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, SA, Australia",
        "Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Stephen SB Bacchi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA",
        "Department of Neurology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Galina GG Gheihman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA",
        "Department of Neurology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Tamara TK Kaplan"
    }
  ],
  "title": "3559 Generating interactive case reports for self-directing learning from published literature with a large language model",
  "uid": "ee351c1c-cfdc-5aad-a6f2-4a05a4816089"
}