{
  "abstract": "Background Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities are an important finding in the evaluation of patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis (AE). There have been few studies evaluating the frequency and prognostic significance of MRI abnormalities, especially hippocampal swelling, in anti- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) Ab-mediated encephalitides.Methods Adult patients with confirmed antibody-mediated encephalitis and at least one MRI scan were prospectively and retrospectively recruited from ten Australian hospitals (n=139). MRI scans were evaluated by a neuroradiologist blinded to the specific AE diagnosis. We evaluated associations between acute MRI abnormalities (e.g., hippocampal swelling) with 12-month function (modified Rankin scale, mRS >2 = worse outcome) and radiological findings.Results In patients with anti-LGI1 Ab-mediated encephalitis, hippocampal swelling on initial MRI was associated with worse function at 12 months (OR 0.03; 95% CI 0.003, 0.34; p = 0.005). Initial AE-associated T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities were not associated with 12-month mRS in either the anti-NMDAR (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.04, 3.97; p = 0.42) or anti-LGI1 Ab-mediated encephalitis groups (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.07, 1.57; p = 0.17). In anti-LGI1 Ab-mediated encephalitis, both hippocampal swelling (OR 5.76; 95% CI 1.14, 29.01; p = 0.03) and T2/FLAIR hyperintensity (OR 8.97; 95% CI 1.65, 49.01; p = 0.01) were related to the development of mesial temporal atrophy.Conclusion Acute hippocampal swelling is associated with worse outcomes in anti-LGI1 Ab-mediated encephalitis and, alongside initial T2/FLAIR hyperintensity, is associated with the development of mesial temporal atrophy.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Nabil Seery"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Paul Beech"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Robb Wesselingh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Mark Schoenwaelder"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "James Broadley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Laurie McLaughlin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Tiffany Rushen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Liora ter Horst"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Duncan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Tracie Tan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Christina Kazzi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Genevieve Skinner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Cassie Nesbitt"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Katherine Buzzard"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Wendyl D’Souza"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Yang Tran"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Anneke Van der Walt"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Amy Halliday"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Mirasol Forcadela"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Bruce Taylor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Swayne"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Amy Brodtmann"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Immunology, Pathology Central Queensland Laboratory, Herston, QLD, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "David Gillis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Ernest Butler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Tomas Kalincik"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Udaya Seneviratne"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Richard Macdonell"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology and Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord West, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Sudarshini Ramanathan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Blum"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Charles Malpas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology and Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord West, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Stephen Reddel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology and Concord Clinical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord West, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Todd Hardy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Terence O’Brien"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Paul Sanfilippo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Helmut Butzkueven"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Mastura Monif"
    }
  ],
  "title": "3617 Acute and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in antibody-mediated encephalitis",
  "uid": "c968c535-2c7a-57ef-b124-6982d151b282"
}