{
  "abstract": "Background Brazil is home to 50 million children and adolescents, whose mental health needs require context-sensitive research. Although scientific output is growing in the country, publications remain scattered and often inaccessible.Methods This systematic review compiles prevalence estimates, assessment instruments and interventions for child and adolescent mental health-related outcomes in Brazil (PROSPERO: CRD42023491393). We searched international (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Google Scholar) and regional (Scielo, Lilacs, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations) databases up to July 2024. We consulted reference lists and experts. Extraction followed Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments and Cochrane manuals.Results We included 734 studies on 2576 prevalence estimates, 908 studies on 912 instruments and 192 studies on 173 intervention trials. The prevalence of any mental disorder ranged from 10.8% (12-year-olds; Pelotas, RS) to 19.9% (ages 7–14; Porto Alegre, RS and São Paulo, SP) although a nationally representative study is lacking. There is an alarming rise in self-harm notifications, reaching 133 in 2019 (per 100 000 aged 10–19). Indigenous youth face suicide rates of 11 (ages 10–14), far exceeding national numbers (0.652). Nationwide surveys reveal severe violence exposure (eg, 21% of adolescents suffer physical violence at home in the previous year), disproportionately impacting Black youth and increasing risk for mental disorders. There are reliable instruments for assessing psychopathology, yet most lack cross-cultural validation. Interventions remain underimplemented. The largest trials adapted substance-use prevention programmes from high-income countries, proving ineffective in Brazil. Public investment is the primary driver of research, which is centralised in wealthier states and misrepresents social minorities.Discussion This review provides timely access to appraised evidence-based resources, facilitating uptake into practice. Brazil’s historical sociocultural challenges impact youth mental health, with public health priorities including systemic violence, racism and indigenous suicide.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Lauro Estivalete Marchionatti"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "André Cardoso Campello"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Jessica Azevedo Veronesi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Carolina Ziebold"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "André Comiran Tonon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Caio Borba Casella"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Julia Luiza Schafer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Aaliyah Nadirah Madyun"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Arthur Caye"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "Instituto de Pesquisa, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Christian Kieling"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil",
        "Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna & Centro Universitário Max Planck, Jaguariúna & Indaiatuba, Brazil",
        "National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry & National Center for Innovation and Research in Mental Health, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Luis Augusto Rohde"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Guilherme V Polanczyk"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Jair Mari"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Instituto de Estudos Para Políticas de Saúde (IEPS), São Paulo & Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
        "Fundação Getúlio Vargas, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Rudi Rocha"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Instituto de Estudos Para Políticas de Saúde (IEPS), São Paulo & Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Leonardo Rosa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Instituto de Estudos Para Políticas de Saúde (IEPS), São Paulo & Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Dayana Rosa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Zila M Sanchez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil",
        "Instituto Ame Sua Mente, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Rodrigo A Bressan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Shekhar Saxena"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Sara Evans-Lacko"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Pim Cuijpers"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kathleen R Merikangas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Brandon A Kohrt"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa",
        "South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa",
        "Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Jason Bantjes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Shirley Reynolds"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Center for Global Health Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Zeina Mneimneh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) Global Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA",
        "Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Giovanni Abrahão Salum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The science of child and adolescent mental health in Brazil: a nationwide systematic review and compendium of evidence-based resources",
  "uid": "148a5396-482b-5920-a39c-43964ed9a570"
}