{
  "abstract": "The simple act of cleaning hands can save lives and reduce illness by helping prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Hand hygiene can lower the risk of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections—two leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide—by 30% and 17%, respectively.1 2 Additional benefits include reducing skin and eye infections such as trachoma and intestinal worm infections such as hookworm and ascaris, which together contribute significantly to the disease burden in low-income and middle-income countries.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Joanna Esteves Mills"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Bruce Gordon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Lindsay Denny"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Ann Thomas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF East and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Arnold Oredola Cole"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Government of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines"
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Lee-Llacer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WaterAid United Kingdom Office, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Sophie Hickling"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WASH and Environmental Health, Government of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia",
        "WASH and Environmental Health, Ethiopia Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Alemu Kejela Ababu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "World Health Organization Country Office for Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Akosua Kwakye"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "World Health Organization Country Office for Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq"
      ],
      "name": "Alyaa Mohamed"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Global Handwashing Partnership, Washington, Washington, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Aarin Palomares"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF, New York, New York, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nathaniel Paynter"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WaterAid United Kingdom Office, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Om Prasad-Gautam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF Nepal Country Office, Lalitpur, Nepal"
      ],
      "name": "Siddhi Shrestha"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Zambia",
        "Public Health, Zambia Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia"
      ],
      "name": "Precious Kalubula"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "HUbert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Bethany A Caruso"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Univ, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Matthew C Freeman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Marlene K Wolfe"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Environmental Health, World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal"
      ],
      "name": "Sudan Raj Panthi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF Philippines Country Office, Manila, Philippines"
      ],
      "name": "Marysol Astrea Liwanag Balane"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF Philippines Country Office, Mandaluyong, Philippines"
      ],
      "name": "Jon Michael Villasenor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Product Design and Impact Unit, Science Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Kidist Bartolomeus"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "World Health Organization Country Office for Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Anthony Eshofonie"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "World Health Organization Country Office for Philippines, Manila, Philippines"
      ],
      "name": "Bonifacio Magtibay"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "World Health Organization Country Office for Mali, Bamako, Mali"
      ],
      "name": "Sory Bouare"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Health Directorate, Government of Mali, Bamako, Mali"
      ],
      "name": "Doussou Doumbia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WaterAid Zambia Country Office, Lusaka, Zambia"
      ],
      "name": "Kachusha Nkosha"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ministry of Water Supply, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal"
      ],
      "name": "Rajit Ojha"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources, Government of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Suzzy Abaidoo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "World Health Organization Country Office for Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Waltaji Kutane"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WaterAid Mali Country Office, Bamako, Mali"
      ],
      "name": "Mahamane Toure"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WaterAid Mali Country Office, Bamako, Mali"
      ],
      "name": "Issaka Sangare"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WaterAid Nepal Country Office, Kathamandu, Nepal"
      ],
      "name": "Sanjani Limbu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "World Health Organization Country Office for Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"
      ],
      "name": "Ahammadul Kabir"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "WaterAid Nepal Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal"
      ],
      "name": "Seema Ranjouria"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ministry of Water and Sanitation, Government of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia"
      ],
      "name": "Doreen Mulemba"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ministry of Health, Government of Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq"
      ],
      "name": "Suzan Alzubaidy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia",
        "Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Olga Kokshagina"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Leah Heiss"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Product Design and Impact Unit, Science Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Elisabetta Minelli"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "UNICEF Ghana Country Office, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Charles Nachinab"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK",
        "Department of Disease Control, Environmental Health Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Oliver Cumming"
    }
  ],
  "title": "We have the evidence but governments must now build the systems to deliver on hand hygiene",
  "uid": "21e0a747-66e6-56cd-bf7c-b6043815f067"
}