{
  "abstract": "Graduate medical education programmes in paediatric haematology/oncology (PHO) are necessary to train specialists to provide high-quality care for children and adolescents with cancer and haematologic diseases. In this study, we used the Education Program Assessment Tool (EPAT). The study consisted of three components: (1) mapping the PHO workforce and training programmes in Africa; (2) using the EPAT to evaluate the current PHO programmes in Africa and (3) using a design-thinking approach to develop priority interventions to expand PHO training capacity in Africa through a collaborative co-design process. There were 236 fellowship-trained paediatric haematologists/oncologists in 37 countries in Africa. 17 countries (32%), with a total population of 42 million under 14 years of age, had no paediatric haematologists/oncologists. The continent has an average of 205 new paediatric cancer cases per specialist. 22 PHO training programmes completed the EPAT. The average score was 72% (SD 9%). Programmes showed varying strengths in the elements of comprehensive training, with the highest EPAT scores in experiential learning domains. A priority-setting exercise established interventions to strengthen PHO training in Africa, including a PHO curriculum, a leadership skill development process and a path for the creation of exchange opportunities. The PHO workforce and training capacity are highly variable in Africa. Through international collaboration and a systematic evaluation of workforce density and training programme strengths, alignment on key regional priorities and the creation of a shared model of cooperation to enhance training programmes for Africa can be achieved.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Diriba Fufa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt",
        "Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt"
      ],
      "name": "Asmaa Attia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Nihad Salifu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Mayville, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Kershinee Reddy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt"
      ],
      "name": "Hanna Rashad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt",
        "Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt"
      ],
      "name": "Riham Abdelaziz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Haileyesus Adam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique"
      ],
      "name": "Faizana Amoda"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, TATA Medical Centre, Kolkata, India"
      ],
      "name": "Arpita Bhattachyya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania"
      ],
      "name": "Lulu Chirande"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Jan Du Plessis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer Geel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands",
        "Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Gertjan Kaspers"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, IMIP Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Kaline Maciel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unit of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Millenium Medical College, St Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Ali Mamude Dinkiye"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India"
      ],
      "name": "Roy Moulik"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Gita Naidu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"
      ],
      "name": "Ruth Namazi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Mayville, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Beverley G Neethling"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Moi University College of Health Sciences and Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya"
      ],
      "name": "Festus Njuguna"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana"
      ],
      "name": "Lorna Renner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "David Reynders"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania"
      ],
      "name": "Trish Scanlan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Frere Hospital, East London, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Karla Thomas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Anel Van Zyl"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Terry Vik"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unit of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Collge of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"
      ],
      "name": "Mulugeta Ayalew Yimer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Oncology Department, Children’s Hospital, Universite Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Laila Hessissen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Ayo Omotola"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Leeanna Fox Irwin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Margit Mikkelsen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Srikanth Naradasu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Meenakshi Devidas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatric Oncology, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda"
      ],
      "name": "Joyce Balagadde-Kambugu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Alan Davidson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nickhill Bhakta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatric Oncology, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda",
        "Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa",
        "Department of Paediatric Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium"
      ],
      "name": "Jaques van Heerden"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Daniel C Moreira"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Paediatric haematology/oncology workforce and training programmes for Africa: a regional analysis",
  "uid": "2a274b65-60dd-5410-8e30-50991162490d"
}