{
  "abstract": "Introduction Health literacy is a multidimensional determinant of health that influences diabetes outcomes and social inequities in health (SIH). Studies often measure it unidimensionally, failing to capture people’s diverse health literacy skills. We identified multidimensional health literacy profiles among adults living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in France and described their clinical, behavioral and social characteristics with a view to informing future tailored interventions.Research design and methods This study used a cross-sectional design based on a subsample of the Entred 3 national survey, combining self-reported questionnaire data with linked administrative health data covering the previous 10 years. Health literacy was assessed using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) among 510 individuals with T2D who completed the cross-sectional survey online. Hierarchical clustering based on standardized HLQ scores identified distinct health literacy clusters.Results We identified 13 health literacy clusters among the online survey participants, labelled from A to M, five requiring tailored public health and clinical responses. Substantial heterogeneity concerning health literacy skills and associations with SIH and health outcomes was observed. For example, cluster A demonstrated strong self-management skills counteracted by severe barriers to care navigation and information comprehension in a highly vulnerable setting. Furthermore, cluster D reflected globally low health literacy scores, poor health outcomes and high exposure to risk factors despite recent diabetes diagnosis. A third example is cluster K, which highlighted strong relational and cognitive skills but limited engagement in self-care and significant exposure to risk factors despite favorable socioeconomic conditions.Conclusions Health literacy profiles reflect complex combinations of skills, risks and social determinants, which can potentially inform how to tailor public health interventions, so that no group is left behind.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma, F-94415, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France",
        "CESP, INSERM, UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France",
        "Paris-Est University, Créteil, France"
      ],
      "name": "Roxane Agius"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CESP, INSERM, UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France"
      ],
      "name": "Laurent Rigal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CESP, INSERM, UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France"
      ],
      "name": "Henri Panjo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Global Health and Equity Development Hub, Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, Room W106, Level 1, David Myers Building West, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Richard H Osborne"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma, F-94415, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France"
      ],
      "name": "Sandrine Fosse-Edorh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Wound and Healing Expert Center, Max Querrien Hospital Centre of Paimpol, Paimpol, France",
        "CIC 1410, INSERM, Saint-Pierre Réunion, France"
      ],
      "name": "Xavier Debussche"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Health literacy profiles of people living with type 2 diabetes: a cluster-based approach to inform tailored interventions–the Entred 3 study",
  "uid": "8fe19960-98b5-5a3f-818e-099ea1d449a1"
}