{
  "abstract": "Introduction Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) improve cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and SGLT2i reduces events in heart failure (HF). However, the benefit of their combination in patients with both conditions remains unclear. This study assessed the risk of all-cause death and hospitalization with combination therapy versus SGLT2i monotherapy.Research design and methods This multicenter, retrospective, observational study used the TriNetX database between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021. We identified 928,981 patients aged ≥18 years with HF and T2D. Of these, 168,422 received an SGLT2i. The exposure group comprised patients who initiated a GLP-1 RA within 6 months of SGLT2i initiation, while the control group included those who did not receive a GLP-1 RA after SGLT2i initiation. The index date was defined as 6 months after SGLT2i. 25,989 patients received SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA and 54,619 received SGLT2i monotherapy. Following propensity score matching, each group comprised 23,240 patients.Results Over 1 year, the risk of all-cause death in patients who received SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA relative to those who received SGLT2i monotherapy was significantly lower (2.8% vs 6.3%, p<0.001; HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.48). Similarly, the risk of hospitalization in patients who received SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA was also lower (32.9% vs 36.4%, p<0.001; HR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.90).Conclusions The risk of all-cause death and hospitalization in patients who received combination therapy with SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA relative to those who received SGLT2i monotherapy was significantly lower in patients with HF and T2D.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takefumi Kishimori"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takao Kato"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Atsuyuki Wada"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Akira Tani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Ryosuke Yamaji"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Jumpei Koike"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yoshihiro Iwasaki"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takahiro Matsumoto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takafumi Yagi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Masaharu Okada"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Combination therapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes",
  "uid": "ab2f554b-c2be-50d1-adbe-ee80bbd8ebc1"
}