{
  "abstract": "Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the genitourinary tract, though rare, are highly aggressive tumours with limited treatment options. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the progression from urothelial carcinoma to neuroendocrine carcinoma remain poorly understood. This report presents the first documented case of metastatic urothelial carcinoma transforming into neuroendocrine carcinoma, potentially as a resistance mechanism to enfortumab-vedotin therapy, as the dynamic nature of tumour cells may contribute to resistance against evolving microenvironments and novel interventions. In this context, performing biopsies during disease progression serves as a critical tool for elucidating tumour plasticity and enhancing therapeutic strategies.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Clinical Oncology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Failah Mohamed Lamin Mohamed Mouloud"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Rafael Morales-Barrera"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pathological Anatomy Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Inés María de Torres"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Radiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Richard Mast"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Radiotherapy, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Xavier Maldonado"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Nuclear Mediciene, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Marc Simó"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Joan Carles"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine transformation from metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma",
  "uid": "80835121-184a-592f-a249-4b826e5cd7f9"
}