{
  "abstract": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised pharmacological chemotherapy for various malignant neoplasms. The side effects of ICIs are still being fully understood. We present a case of a male patient in his mid-50s with a history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma ultimately diagnosed with bilateral epididymo-orchitis (EO) following pembrolizumab maintenance treatment. Our report adds to the three identified cases of EO linked to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This rarely reported association should serve as a cautionary tale for future clinicians about the possible side effects of these immune-enhancing medications.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA"
      ],
      "name": "David S Buchinsky"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA",
        "Dayton VAMC, Dayton, Ohio, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Hari M Polenakovik"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA",
        "Dayton VAMC, Dayton, Ohio, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan I Hakim"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immune-modulating medications: the masquerading culprit of epididymo-orchitis",
  "uid": "8d75225a-112b-5d59-aa1d-a492985978c2"
}