{
  "abstract": "A chronic expanding haematoma is characterised by progressive enlargement over months to years and can develop in various locations. Herein, we report a surgically resected chronic expanding haematoma from the left thoracic outlet, which was caused by rib fractures owing to a late-phase complication of radiation therapy for pulmonary metastasis. A man in his 60s, who had undergone multiple lung resections and radiation therapy, presented with left shoulder pain and left-hand numbness. The imaging studies revealed a space-occupying mass and old rib fractures in the irradiated area; the needle biopsy determined it was a haematoma. Subsequently, we resected the haematoma and achieved haemostasis via a supraclavicular approach without the need for rib resection. The patient’s neurological symptoms were relieved immediately after surgery, and haematoma regrowth was not observed 1 year after surgery.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Sodai Nagata"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yue Cong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Gouji Toyokawa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Masaaki Sato"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Chronic expanding haematoma caused by rib fractures after radiation therapy",
  "uid": "0025b672-92d0-5b27-ba6a-2f6c7067e0f2"
}