{
  "abstract": "Intercostal hepatic herniation through congenital rib agenesis is an extremely rare condition with no studied incidence rates, although there have been a few case reports in literature. 1 2 Poland syndrome involves ipsilateral agenesis of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, often with breast hypoplasia, multiple rib abnormalities, and rarely digit and scapular defects may also be seen. An isolated deformity of rib agenesis has not been widely studied, but some reports describe its association with Poland syndrome.3–5 Thoracoschisis is a similar entity with herniation of thoracic or abdominal viscera through a complete defect in the chest wall.6–9 Herniation of the liver through the chest cavity could be related to the ipsilateral failure of development of the vertebral column, ribs and muscles of the thoracic wall or the pleura.1 2",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hubballi, Hubballi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Shadab B Maldar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Family Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA",
        "Department of Medicine, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hubballi, Hubballi, India"
      ],
      "name": "Christopher Jude Pinto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, NITTE KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India"
      ],
      "name": "Vijay Kubihal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, DL, India"
      ],
      "name": "Kushal Bhatkal"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Intercostal hepatic herniation through congenital rib agenesis in an infant",
  "uid": "02f76c0e-ac96-5fe4-a761-0d54208eca54"
}