{
  "abstract": "Introduction Despite widespread use of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in pleural mesothelioma and other cancers, the use within peritoneal mesothelioma (PeM) is limited. As a result, their effectiveness in PeM remains undetermined. A systematic literature search was conducted to provide an overview of CPI usage and the effect on PeM.Research design and methods A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar was conducted until 4 December 2024. Studies that reported the use of CPI in PeM were selected for full-text review by two independent reviewers. Studies that used techniques to modulate immune cells (like Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell therapy or peptide-based vaccines) were excluded. Studies should state the survival of the patient in order to be included. In case of a disagreement between the reviewers, a consensus was made.Results The search term retrieved 436 unique records. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, identifying a total of 91 patients. Due to the heterogeneity, no meta-analysis could be performed. Most records were case reports, while four were cohort studies. CPIs were used as primary treatment in five articles and salvage therapy in 10 articles. Nivolumab and ipilimumab were preferred as treatment in 23 patients over four articles. Efficacy varied widely between patients. The safety of CPIs was discussed in 11 articles and was well-tolerated.Conclusion CPI seems to have a significant role in the treatment of PeM and was well tolerated. However, efficacy varies widely across individual cases. This underscores the need for further research into more standardised and effective therapeutic approaches.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Mitchell Emmers"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Universitair Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Danielle de Graaf-Wuite"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Surgical Oncology and Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Cornelis Verhoef"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Joachim G J V Aerts"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"
      ],
      "name": "Eva V E Madsen"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Usage of immune checkpoint blockade in peritoneal mesothelioma: a systematic review of the literature",
  "uid": "439bb288-d00c-54aa-a929-7b4754c76d44"
}