{
  "abstract": "Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic, inflammatory, immune mediated, relapsing-remitting conditions of the gastrointestinal tract with multidimensional and often negative effects on patients’ quality of life. The global burden of IBD is increasing and is forecast to affect 1% of the population in early industrialized nations over the next 10 years. Advances in our understanding of the causes and pathogenesis of IBD in the past three decades have translated into new treatments that modulate the immune inflammatory cascade. Modern goals of treatment are clinical remission through assessment of patient reported outcomes and deep remission defined as mucosal healing on colonoscopy or imaging. Achieving both clinical and deep remission affords patients a better long term prognosis and quality of life. This review summarizes the latest evidence on IBD diagnosis, staging, and prognosis, with a detailed focus on current treatments.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jana G Hashash"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK",
        "University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jimmy K Limdi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI, USA",
        "Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jason M Shapiro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA",
        "Gastroenterology Associates powered by the GI Alliance, Providence, RI, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Samir A Shah"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Medical management of inflammatory bowel diseases",
  "uid": "0290152b-36aa-53db-8a61-180b039146da"
}