{
  "abstract": "Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries and illnesses at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games.Methods Injuries and illnesses were recorded daily via a web-based injury and illness surveillance system and local organising committee medical facilities. Adjusted incidences (injuries/illnesses per 1000 athlete days; 95% CIs), injury prevalence (IP; %) and injury burden (days lost per 1000 athlete days; 95% CIs) are reported.Results In total, 4450 athletes (1978 female; 2472 male) from 163 National Paralympic Committees were monitored prospectively during the 14-day Games period (62300 athlete days). A total of 535 injuries (IP=10.9%) were reported in 485 athletes, with an incidence of 8.6 (7.9–9.4). Taekwondo (27.3 (20.7–35.8)), football 5-a-side (22.3 (14.4–37.7)) and sitting volleyball (19.9 (14.8–26.7)) showed higher incidences of injury compared to other sports (p<0.001). Injury burden was 8.5 (6.5–11.1) and 19.1% of injuries resulting in time loss from training/competition. The highest burden was observed in taekwondo (64.3 (35.9–115.2)) and football 5-a-side (23.4 (6.2–88.3)). A total of 520 illnesses were reported in 467 athletes (IP=10.5%), with an incidence of 8.3 (7.6–9.1). Illness incidence for female athletes (10.6 (9.4–11.9)) was higher than recorded for male athletes (6.6 (5.7–7.5)); p<0.001 and higher in triathlon (18.2 (12.6–26.7)) compared to other sports (p<0.05).Conclusion The incidence and burden of injury in taekwondo and football 5-a-side were significantly higher compared with other sports at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games. The highest incidence of illness was observed in triathlon and female athletes had a higher illness incidence than male athletes.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa",
        "International Olympic Committee Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa",
        "Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"
      ],
      "name": "Wayne Derman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Phoebe Runciman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Maaike Eken"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Human Movement Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Pieter-Henk Boer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shirley Ryan Abilitylab, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Cheri Blauwet"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Giorgos Gennimatas, Athens, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "Emmanouil Bogdos"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia",
        "Team Saudi, Saudi Olympic Training Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Farhoud"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physical Rehabilitation Department, Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation"
      ],
      "name": "Guzel Idrisova"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"
      ],
      "name": "Jan Lexell"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Sport Medicine, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"
      ],
      "name": "Fariba Mohammadi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Trauma Observatory, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
        "Medical and Research Commission, Americas Paralympic Committee, Miami, Florida, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Marcelo Patricio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical and Research Commission, Americas Paralympic Committee, Miami, Florida, USA",
        "Dirección Médica Nacional, Instituto Teletón, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Raul Smith"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center of South Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"
      ],
      "name": "Martin Schwellnus"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Para and Disability Sport Innovation, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Nick Webborn"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institut National des Sports de l’Expertise et de la Performance, Pôle Médical, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Philippe Levan"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incidence of injury and illness at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games: post-pandemic trends and sport-specific risks",
  "uid": "1ccc7408-683b-5958-9427-6f5b0271917b"
}