{
  "abstract": "Objective Investigate prevention interventions and potential modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for female/woman/girl athletes’ spine, chest, abdominal or pelvic injury and/or pain.Design Systematic review with meta-analyses, semiquantitative analyses and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Data sources MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, CDSR, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, ERIC.Eligibility Primary data studies with comparison group(s) assessing the association of prevention interventions and/or MRFs for spine, chest, abdominal and/or pelvic injury/pain with ≥1 female/woman/girl athlete in each study group.Results Across 105 studies (n=11 interventions, n=92 MRFs, n=2 both, n=35 female/woman/girl-specific estimates) including 59 833 participants (23.7% females/women/girls) 9 injury/pain outcomes were assessed (n=74 low-back, n=14 back, n=13 neck, n=5 pelvis, n=3 thoracic, n=3 abdominal, n=3 trunk, n=2 rib, n=1 breast). Three prevention strategies (exercise, equipment, rule-change) and 22 MRFs were identified. High risk of confounding bias (Downs and Black quality assessment tool) was present in 92% and 63% of intervention and MRF studies, respectively. Considering female/woman/girl estimates, we performed meta-analyses (standardised mean-difference) on 4 MRFs (body mass, body mass index (BMI), weekly training hours, spinal flexion) for low-back pain (LBP) and semiquantitative analyses for one intervention (exercise), and 3 MRFs (yearly training load, hip motion, hip strength) for LBP. Very low-certainty evidence suggests no difference in body mass (g=0.28, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.62; I 2=67.7%), BMI (g=0.22, 95% CI −0.25 to 0.69; I2=68.2%), weekly training hours (g=0.15, 95% CI −0.29 to 0.58; I2=45.6%) or spinal flexion (g=0.27, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.76; I2=40.4%) between female/women/girls athletes with and without LBP.Conclusions There is limited knowledge about prevention interventions or MRFs for female/women/girl athletes’ spine, chest, abdominal and/or pelvic injury/pain.PROSPERO registration number CRD42024479654.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada",
        "Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jackie L Whittaker"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Family Medicine, Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jenna M Schulz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jean-Michel Galarneau"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Isabel S Moore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kathryn E Ackerman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Education, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Miranda Butler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"
      ],
      "name": "Kathryn Dane"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Center, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Marc-Olivier Dubé"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Center, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
        "Australian IOC Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Marcella Ferraz Pazzinatto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Physical Therapy Education-Oregon, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Christina D Gomez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "K Alix Hayden"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The University of North Carolina College of Arts and Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Hana Marmura"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Rami Mizuta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Center, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Britt Mosler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Geoff Schneider"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Kathryn J Schneider"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Pain Management and Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Saurab Sharma"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Center, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Larissa Trease"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School Of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"
      ],
      "name": "Fiona Wilson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada",
        "International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Jane S Thornton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Center, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Kay M Crossley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Carolyn A Emery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for spine, chest, abdominal and/or pelvic injury and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the Female, woman and/or girl Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) consensus",
  "uid": "e2946f7b-c39f-53bb-a06a-a80a3f1ffd07"
}