{
  "abstract": "This scoping review examines the existing literature on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in screening for eye diseases, with a focus on evaluating whether AI-assisted diagnostic technologies enhance the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of screening services. 42 original studies were selected for in-depth analysis, including those employing health economic evaluations. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, with the majority of studies demonstrating high quality—24 scored 5/5, 15 scored 4/5 and the rest scored 3/5. Among the included studies, 34 compared manual screening with either AI-assisted or fully AI-driven approaches. Availability was the most frequently studied aspect (28 studies), followed by acceptability (12 studies), whereas accessibility and service quality were less commonly addressed. Overall, AI shows significant potential to improve the cost-effectiveness of eye care services and enhance patient access, particularly in remote or underserved regions. It was also well-accepted by patients, with high satisfaction and improved referral compliance. The findings suggest that AI holds promise for advancing eye disease screening, although large-scale, long-term trials are needed to effectively integrate AI into the reconstruction of screening processes and the reshaping of eye health service systems.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China",
        "National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China",
        "Eye Public Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Senlin Lin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China",
        "National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Juzhao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Catherine Jan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Hongkou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liping Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yajun Peng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Eye and Dental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Dan Qian"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Fengcheng Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yao Yin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kongjiang Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mengjia Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kongjiang Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jianxiu Feng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Eye and Vision Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"
      ],
      "name": "Mingguang He"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China",
        "National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China",
        "Eye Public Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Haidong Zou"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Impact of artificial intelligence on the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of ophthalmic disease screening services: a scoping review",
  "uid": "bea6bbd3-6a88-5689-8513-1ee57a1e6cc1"
}