{
  "abstract": "Aims To evaluate associations between systemic inflammation biomarkers and incident age-related ocular diseases while also investigating their correlations with retinal structures.Methods This population-based prospective cohort study analysed 415 599 UK Biobank participants. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and low-grade inflammation score (INFLA-score) were calculated from baseline haematological parameters. Primary outcomes were incident diagnoses of cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated HRs with 95% CIs. Secondary analyses assessed the associations with optical coherence tomography-derived retinal layer thicknesses and vascular features.Results Over a median 13.0-year follow-up, we identified 44 906 cataract, 5803 POAG, 7388 AMD and 3319 DR incident cases. Both SII and INFLA-score demonstrated significant, dose-dependent associations with all ocular outcomes (all p<0.05). Distinct exposure-response patterns emerged: J-shaped relationships for cataract and POAG (SII threshold >500; INFLA-score threshold >0), versus monotonically positive associations for AMD and DR. Elevated inflammatory markers also correlated with retinal thinning, especially in photoreceptor layers.Conclusions Systemic inflammation biomarkers could predict incident age-related ocular diseases with disease-specific patterns while concurrently associating with quantifiable retinal structural and vascular pathologies. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory strategies might have potential to mitigate ocular ageing processes, although further evidence on causal mechanisms and interventions is warranted.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zhiqian Huang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Kaimeng Su"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Fenghua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liguang Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yu Du"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yi Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China",
        "Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiangjia Zhu"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Systemic inflammatory biomarkers as risk factors for age-related ocular diseases: a large-scale prospective cohort study",
  "uid": "8891ee14-bdeb-56eb-994e-bfbbf000bc68"
}