{
  "abstract": "Background/aims To apply retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) optical texture analysis (ROTA) to investigate (1) the patterns of RNFL bundle defects, and (2) the frequency of papillomacular and papillofoveal bundle involvement across early, moderate and advanced glaucoma.Methods All eyes underwent 24–2 visual field (VF) testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for ROTA. The borders of RNFL defects were delineated from ROTA, and the involvement of the arcuate, papillomacular and papillofoveal bundles was determined for each eye. 24–2 VF stimulus projections were mapped onto the corresponding topographic areas of ROTA images. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the structure-function association.Results Papillomacular bundle defects were highly prevalent in glaucoma, increasing from 87.7% in early to 95.35% in moderate and 100% in advanced glaucoma. Papillofoveal bundle defects were also common, increasing from 29.7% in early to 36.05% in moderate and 60.98% in advanced glaucoma. Central four 24–2 test locations that projected onto the trajectories of papillomacular or papillofoveal RNFL bundle defects demonstrated significantly increased likelihood of VF sensitivity abnormality (ORs of 22.42 at PDP<5% and 20.26 at TDP<5%, respectively, p<0.001 for both).Conclusion ROTA uncovers a wide spectrum of RNFL bundle defects spanning the entire glaucoma continuum. It also provides visualisation of the preserved RNFL bundles in advanced glaucoma. Papillomacular and papillofoveal RNFL bundle defects are present in a considerable proportion of eyes with early, moderate and advanced glaucoma, and, when detected, they significantly increase the likelihood of abnormality in the corresponding central 24–2 test locations.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Alireza Kamalipour"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sasan Moghimi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Pooya Khosravi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ophthalmology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand"
      ],
      "name": "Natchada Tansuebchueasai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego Department of Ophthalmology at the Shiley Eye Institute, San Diego, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Steven Camp"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Cristiana Vasile"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Mohsen Adelpour"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Gopikasree Gunasegaran"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Michael Saheb Kashaf"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Takashi Nishida"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Linda M Zangwill"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander K N Lam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"
      ],
      "name": "Christopher Kai-Shun Leung"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Robert N Weinreb"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Retinal nerve fibre layer optical texture analysis: retinal nerve fibre bundle defect patterns and the extent of macular involvement across different stages of glaucoma",
  "uid": "3b03ef10-04c5-5e3f-a268-8377d30e9aa0"
}