{
  "abstract": "Aims To investigate the interaction and combined effects of cardiovascular health (CVH) and socioeconomic status (SES) on incident cataract risk.Methods This prospective cohort study included 236 248 UK Biobank participants free of cataract at baseline and with complete data on SES and CVH. Incident cataract was ascertained through hospital inpatient and self-reported records. SES was derived from household income, employment and education using latent class analysis, while CVH was assessed via the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score. Cataract risk was evaluated using multivariable Cox regression, with interaction and joint effects analyses performed to assess the interplay between SES and CVH.Results This analysis involved 236 248 participants with an average age of 55.5 years (range: 38–73); 51.6% were female and 95.6% were of white ethnicity. Over a median follow-up period of 11.7 years, 26 791 participants (11.3%) developed cataract. Compared with the high SES group, participants with low SES had a significantly higher risk of cataract (HR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.35). Significant additive and multiplicative interactions between SES and CVH on cataract risk were observed. Better CVH substantially mitigated the adverse association of low SES with cataract. Notably, individuals with low SES and poor CVH showed the highest cataract risk (HR, 1.74; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.93) in contrast to those with high SES and optimal CVH.Conclusions Implementing interventions aimed at enhancing both SES and CVH may prove beneficial in preventing or delaying cataract onset. Adhering to the LE8 guidelines to maintain optimal CVH has the potential to alleviate a significant portion of the excess cataract risk associated with socioeconomic disadvantage.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yu Peng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuzhou Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ka Wai Kam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mary Ho"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Cheuk Ling Yim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Sunny Chi Lik Au"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiu Juan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mandy PH Ng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Ip"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Alvin L Young"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Chi-Pui Pang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Clement C Tham"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Li Jia Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jason C Yam"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Socioeconomic status, cardiovascular health and joint associations with incident cataract: a prospective study from UK Biobank",
  "uid": "cd0d9af6-8f90-5904-a619-9138552a7339"
}