{
  "abstract": "Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of six imaging modalities—colour fundus photography (CFP), multicolour imaging (MC), blue autofluorescence (BAF), green autofluorescence (GAF), near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and structural optical coherence tomography (OCT)—for detecting macular atrophy (MA) in patients with previously treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods This retrospective cohort study included 113 eyes from patients treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for at least 1 year. All eyes underwent six imaging modalities during the same visit. MA was identified by a senior retinal specialist using multimodal criteria and served as the diagnostic reference (ie, gold standard). Sensitivity and specificity of each imaging modality were calculated relative to this reference. Two masked graders independently assessed images using modality-specific definitions of MA. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and inter-reader agreement were calculated for each modality.Results MA was present in 46.9% of eyes based on multimodal imaging. Structural OCT detected MA in 43.4% of cases, followed by GAF (36.3%), BAF and NIR (35.4% each), MC (33.6%) and CFP (30.1%). Structural OCT demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy, with 92.4% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity. Other modalities showed moderate sensitivity (64.1–77.4%) and specificity (75.0–88.3%). Inter-reader agreement was moderate for BAF (κ=0.46) and lower for the remaining modalities, lowest for CFP (κ=0.18).Conclusions Structural OCT offers the highest accuracy and reliability for detecting MA in neovascular AMD, supporting its use in both clinical practice and research. Other modalities may supplement OCT when needed, but CFP alone is limited.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Chiara Olivieri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Giovanni Neri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Federico Ricardi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Gelormini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Fai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Guglielmo Parisi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Paola Marolo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Pasquale Viggiano"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Boscia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Michele Reibaldi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy",
        "Ophthalmology, University Hospital City of Science and Health Turin, Turin, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Enrico Borrelli"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Comparative diagnostic performance of six imaging modalities for detecting macular atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration",
  "uid": "ecfa8310-e9c9-5db1-b54f-03286462aed5"
}