{
  "abstract": "Background To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy for controlling myopia progression over 3 years in real-world settings.Methods This multicentre cohort study included participants currently undergoing RLRL treatment, identified from electronic medical databases in three hospitals (myopic children and adolescents aged 7–18 years, who were prescribed RLRL therapy from 1 June 2018 to 1 June 2023), using stratified random sampling based on RLRL treatment duration (≥0.5–1 year, ≥1–2 years, ≥2–3 years and ≥3 years), with approximately 90 participants in each group. All participants voluntarily received RLRL therapy twice a daily (3 min/session, ≥4-hour interval), 5–7 days/week.Results Among 362 participants, 90 were treated for ≥0.5–1 year (median 0.64 year), 91 for ≥1–2 years (median 1.40 years), 90 for ≥2–3 years (median 2.30 years) and 91 for ≥3 years (median 3.65 years). The satisfactory myopia control rate (defined as annual axial elongation ≤0.10 mm) was 72.53% (95% CI 62.17 to 81.37) over ≥3 years of RLRL treatment, with annual axial length change of 0.06 mm/year (95% CI 0.03 to 0.08). No subjective visual function damage was documented by best-corrected visual acuity, and no treatment duration-dependent changes in objective full-field electroretinogram were observed. A minimal, reversible optical coherence tomography change was noted in four eyes which did not impact visual function.Conclusions This real-world study demonstrates that RLRL therapy provides promising long-term efficacy and safety in myopia control over 3 years among Chinese myopic children and adolescents.Trial registration number NCT05871840.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yanping Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Wei Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ruilin Xiong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shenzhen Guangming District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Fang Yu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China"
      ],
      "name": "Shaoxin Pan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jing Dong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jian Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Zhuoting Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiaohu Ding"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"
      ],
      "name": "Bin Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China",
        "Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yanxian Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Henry Ho-lung Chan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Kai Yip Choi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Sonia Seen Hang Chan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yingfeng Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China",
        "Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Danli Shi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Imperial College London, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Yuri Aung"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Maebashi Central Eye Clinic, Maebashi, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Shoji Kishi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Kyoko Ohno-Matsui"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China",
        "Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China",
        "InnoHK, Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mingguang He"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Three-year efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia control: a multicentre real-world study",
  "uid": "aca03baf-2967-54c6-a7f6-750b56747eeb"
}