{
  "abstract": "Background/Aims Reports have suggested that treatment with systemic β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers) may increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). The objective of this study was to assess the association between the use of topical β-blockers and PD.Methods A retrospective cohort study. All newly diagnosed glaucoma patients between 2000 and 2020 were recruited from the anonymised electronic medical records of a large healthcare provider. Patients were followed until December 2021 for the occurrence of PD. The patients were divided into two groups according to topical β-blocker use. Cox proportional-hazards models were used, and HRs with 95% CIs were calculated.Results The cohort included 13 381 glaucoma patients, of whom 10 075 used topical β-blockers (βB group) and 3306 did not (no-βB group). Demographic characteristics were similar between groups. Mean follow-up time and mean number of filled prescriptions for anti-glaucoma medication (total and annually) were significantly greater in the βB group (p<0.0001). During follow-up, 175 patients (1.31%) were diagnosed with PD, 145 in the βB group and 30 in the no-βB group. The HR for PD among topical β-blocker users compared with non-users was 1.16 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.72, p=0.47). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in PD-free survival between the groups (p=0.47).Conclusions Topical β-blocker use was not associated with an increased risk of PD. These findings suggest that topical β-blockers are a safe therapeutic option, even for patients at potential risk for PD.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel",
        "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Amit Meshi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel",
        "Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel",
        "Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Nir Giladi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel",
        "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel",
        "Laboratory of Eye Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Alon Zahavi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel",
        "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Itay Elimelech Gabbay"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel",
        "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Orly Gal-Or"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel",
        "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Assaf Dotan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kahn Sagol Maccabi (KSM) Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Sivan Gazit"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kahn Sagol Maccabi (KSM) Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Tal Patalon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Military Medicine and “Tzameret”, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Yuval Kozlov"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel",
        "Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Noa Geffen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ophthalmology Institute, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel Aviv, Israel",
        "Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"
      ],
      "name": "Shiri Shulman"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Topical β-blockers for treatment of glaucoma and the risk of Parkinson’s disease",
  "uid": "60da1a83-f98d-547e-a7b6-0998340ea017"
}