{
  "abstract": "Background While numerous ophthalmology-specific cohort studies have been conducted in China, there is a significant lack of comprehensive, population-based study on the potential determinants of visual impairment and ocular hypertension (OHT) in the general Chinese population.Methods In the 2020–2021 resurvey of the China Kadoorie Biobank study, ~25 000 randomly selected participants from 10 diverse localities (5 urban and 5 rural) were surveyed. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) was measured using the Random E eye chart and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a handheld Icare (ic100) tonometer. Associations of sociodemographic and other factors with risks of visual impairment and OHT were examined using multivariable logistic regression.Results Among the 24 613 (aged 45–95 years, 64.4% women) participants, 21.8% had visual impairment (PVA <0.50) and 18.4% had OHT (IOP >18.6 mm Hg). The prevalence rate of visual impairment increased dramatically with age (49.3% in those ≥75 years vs 8.9% in those <55 years), but an opposite trend was observed for OHT. Risks of these two eye conditions were both inversely associated with household income and fish consumption but positively with systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. Higher education was associated with a higher OHT risk but not with visual impairment. Body mass index was inversely associated with visual impairment but positively with OHT. Age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma were most strongly associated with risk of visual impairment, followed by cataract.Conclusion The relatively high prevalence rates of poor vision and OHT in China suggest that well-targeted public health interventions should be developed.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zilun Shao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Aolin Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China",
        "Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jun Lv"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China",
        "Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Canqing Yu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Lang Pan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Pei Pei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ling Yang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Yiping Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Meilan CDC, Haikou, Hainan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yilei Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Dan Schmidt"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Maxim Barnard"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Hubert Lam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK",
        "Health Data Research UK Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Fiona Bragg"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Junshi Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Zhengming Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China",
        "Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liming Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Huaidong Du"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China",
        "Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Dianjianyi Sun"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [],
      "name": "The China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Patterns and correlates of visual impairment and ocular hypertension among older adults in the general Chinese population: results from the CKB Biobank",
  "uid": "b355357f-d103-5691-b0b6-37ebc324d3cd"
}