{
  "abstract": "Background The association between vitamin D deficiency and cataract is debated, with limited longitudinal data on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in cataract development. This study aimed to examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and cataract risk.Methods The cross-sectional analyses included 442 255 UK Biobank participants with available serum 25(OH)D data. For longitudinal analyses, 427 923 participants without baseline cataract were assessed. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to evaluate the associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and cataract risk.Results In the cross-sectional analyses, higher serum 25(OH)D quartiles were inversely associated with cataract risk (p for trend <0.001). Longitudinal analyses, with a mean follow-up of 10.8 years, showed significant associations between vitamin D deficiency and increased incident cataract risk (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15). Compared with the reference group (50–75 nmol/L), participants with severe vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) had a 27% (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.49), 12% (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21) and 9% (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.14) higher risk of developing cataract among individuals below 50, 50–60 and above 60 years, respectively.Conclusions The study identified significant cross-sectional and prospective associations between vitamin D deficiency and increased cataract risk, with younger individuals being more susceptible. These findings emphasise the importance of early monitoring and intervention to address vitamin D deficiency and mitigate cataract risk.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yu Peng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuzhou Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ka Wai Kam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mary Ho"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Causeway Bay, China"
      ],
      "name": "Sunny Chi Lik Au"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiujuan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mandy P H Ng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Ip"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Alvin L Young"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Chi-Pui Pang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Clement C Tham"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Li Jia Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China",
        "Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China",
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jason C Yam"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with cataract: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank",
  "uid": "2b81ab75-120d-53ed-bd97-aa73fdcd05eb"
}