{
  "abstract": "Purpose To investigate long-term axial length (AL) changes in adults and to identify risk factors contributing to excessive AL elongation, which is associated with high myopia, we analysed a large dataset of adults without ocular pathology from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study in Japan.Methods We conducted a longitudinal investigation of 9195 participants aged ≥20 years with several years of follow-up (mean 3.5 years). Based on the upper quartile of AL elongation for people aged in their 20s, we defined AL elongation exceeding 0.033 mm per year as high AL elongation (HALE). We used multiple logistic regression analyses to assess potential risk factors for HALE.Results A longitudinal investigation revealed that AL can fluctuate and even become elongated during adulthood, particularly among middle-aged and older individuals. Notably, HALE occurred in 618 out of 9195 eyes (6.7%). The proportion in each age group, comprising people aged in their 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s, was 24.7%, 12.7%, 9.4%, 5.2%, 4.5%, 4.0% and 1.4%, respectively. In addition, we also observed that younger age (OR 1.45 per 10 years older), female gender (OR 1.63), high myopia (OR 2.74) and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels >171 IU/mL (OR 1.27) were associated with HALE.Conclusion Findings from a large prospective cohort study confirmed that in Japanese individuals, HALE was significantly associated with high serum IgE levels, as well as with younger age, female gender and pre-existing high myopia.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan",
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takayuki Nishimura"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Hiroshi Kunikata"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Naoko Takada"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Makoto Ishikawa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Sayuri Tokioka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Rieko Hatanaka"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Mana Kogure"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Ippei Chiba"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Kumi Nakaya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Taku Obara"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yoko Izumi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Akira Uruno"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Satoshi Nagaie"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Soichi Ogishima"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Naoki Nakaya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan",
        "International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Shinichi Kuriyama"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Atsushi Hozawa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Nobuo Fuse"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Toru Nakazawa"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Exploring risk factors for axial length elongation: a population-based cohort study of 9195 eyes in Japan",
  "uid": "9b4ab87b-0eaf-58b8-9807-461999a07f23"
}