{
  "abstract": "Objectives Describe clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of children treated for life-threatening pertussis in paediatric intensive care units during the 2023–2024 outbreak in Great Britain.Design National multi-centre audit.Setting All paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Great Britain.Patients Between November 2023 and June 2024, 54 children with a proven diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis as the primary reason for intensive care admission requiring invasive ventilation.Interventions None.Main outcome measures Mortality on PICU, length of stay and number of invasive ventilation days.Results Median admission age 43 days, with peak blood white cell count (WCC) from 6×10 9/L to 149×109/L. 23% of infants’ mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy (national average 59%). Mortality was 11/54 (20%), with 10 in infants <3 months. The survivor with the highest WCC peaked at 82×109/L prior to exchange transfusion (XT), and the highest peak WCC in a survivor without XT was 71×109/L. Eighteen patients underwent 27 XTs for leucoreduction, initiated at median peak WCC of 54×109/L (range 32–148). All who died had XT planned, with nine completing. None with a peak WCC of <51×109/L died, although four patients underwent XTs. In patients with rising WCC, survivors’ rise rate was lower than those who died (0.23×109/L/hour vs 1.4×109/L/hour).Conclusions In children invasively ventilated due to Bordetella pertussis, higher peak WCC, rapid WCC rise and a primary admission reason other than apnoeas are associated with mortality. XTs can be avoided in WCC <50×109/L. Maternal vaccination rate was lower in this cohort than the general population.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatric Critical Care, Great North Children’s Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Joanne Calley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatric Critical Care, Great North Children’s Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK",
        "Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rachel Agbeko"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Paediatric Critical Care, Great North Children’s Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Elisabeth Day"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jon Lillie"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Niha Peshimam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK",
        "Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Padmanabhan Ramnarayan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Sarah E Seaton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paediatric Critical Care Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK",
        "University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Davies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characteristics and outcomes of children admitted to paediatric intensive care units with life-threatening pertussis infection in Great Britain 2023–2024",
  "uid": "4b12cb52-ab1f-54bd-9d69-a33280de8e57"
}